第六期：Medarex
From Wikipedia
Medarex (former NASDAQ symbol: MEDX ) was an American biopharmaceutical company based in Princeton, New Jersey, with manufacturing facilities in Bloomsbury and Annandale, New Jersey, and research facilities in Milpitas and Sunnyvale, California. In 2009, Medarex was purchased by Bristol Myers Squibb.
Medarex developed monoclonal antibodies to CTLA-4 and PD-1, which are proteins on the surface of T cells. T cells attack cancer cells, but CTLA-4 and PD-1 act as "brakes" on the T cell's anti-cancer activities. The monoclonal antibodies bind to these proteins and block them, releasing the T cell to attack cancer cells.[1][2]
Several monoclonal antibodies developed by Medarex have been approved for disease therapy. In 2009, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved Simponi, a human monoclonal antibody to tumor necrosis factor alpha co-developed with Johnson & Johnson's Janssen Biotech, for treatment of arthritis.[3] In 2011, the U.S. FDA approved ipilimumab, a monoclonal antibody to CTLA-4, for treatment of metastatic melanoma.[1] In 2014, the U.S. FDA approved nivolumab, a monoclonal antibody to PD-1, for treatment of advanced melanoma.[4] Its use was expanded to the treatment of squamous non-small-cell lung carcinoma in 2015.[5]
History[edit]
Medarex was founded in 1987 by a group of immunologists at Dartmouth Medical School—Dr. Michael W. Fanger, Dr. Paul M. Guyre, and Dr. Edward D. Ball — who partnered with Donald L. Drakeman and Charles Schaller of Essex Chemical Company, through its venture capital arm Essex Vencap. Drakeman, a Dartmouth graduate, brought the parties together and served as the company's chief executive officer. The company went public in 1991, with 2,300,000 shares of common stock at $6.10 per share and 2,250,000 Redeemable Warrants offered at its IPO.[6] The company's second president and CEO was Howard H. Pien, succeeding Drakeman in 2007.[7] Genmab was founded as a European spin-off of American Biotech company Medarex in February 1999.
The company was acquired by Bristol Myers Squibb in 2009 for $2.4B, which included $300M in debt, making the payment to Medarex $2.1B.[8][9][10]
1. Breakthrough of the Year: Cancer Immunotherapy, Science 20 December 2013, Vol. 342 no. 6165 pp. 1432-1433, DOI: 10.1126/science.342.6165.1432, Jennifer Couzin-Frankel
2. Clinical trial number NCT00094653 at ClinicalTrials.gov
3. Marcial, Gene (4 May 2009). "Marcial: Medarex, a Bright Spot in Biotech". businessweek.com. Retrieved 24 Sep 2014.
5. http://www.esmo.org/Oncology-News/FDA-Expands-Approved-Use-of-Nivolumab-to-Squamous-NSCLC
6. "Medarex raises $12.9M in IPO for R&D of Biospecific". 1 May 1991. Retrieved 24 Sep 2014.
7. "Life in the Fast Lane: New at Medarex". pharmamedtechbi.com. 23 May 2007. Retrieved 24 Sep 2014.
8. Allison M. Bristol-Myers Squibb swallows last of antibody pioneers. Nat Biotechnol. 2009 Sep;27(9):781-3. doi: 10.1038/nbt0909-781. PMID 19741612
9. Dealbook Blog, New York Times. July 23, 2009 Bristol-Myers to Buy Medarex For $2.4 Billion
10. John Carroll for FierceBiotech Jul 23, 2009 Bristol-Myers to buy Medarex for $2.1B
